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It is well known that determination of concentrations of materials in different solutions is an important step for investigation of the under-studied solution. Usually, photometric techniques are used due to this fact that they are accessible and cost-effective options.
Generally, absorption of irradiated light to a solution by the presence molecules is the base of (spectro)-photometric techniques. In UV/Vis spectroscopy visible and ultraviolet light uses for detection of concentration of a solution.
Spectroscopy is a science that studies the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In such interactions, electromagnetic radiation can be thought of as a set of separate energy packets called photons. The dual property of electromagnetic radiation as a particle and a wave is not only non-existent but also complementary. According to the theory, electromagnetic radiation is made up of two components, electric fields and magnetic field. These fields are propagating the wave in the environment, on the environment and also perpendicular to the wave propagation (Figure 1).
The electric field of electromagnetic radiation causes phenomena such as transmission, reflection, refraction, and absorption when it interacts with matter. The magnetic field of electromagnetic radiation is also effective in the process of absorbing waves related to radio frequencies in nuclear magnetic resonance. Therefore, here only the electric field of electromagnetic radiation is examined due to its effectiveness in the above phenomena.
As was mentioned previously, determination of concentrations of materials in different solutions is an important step for investigation of the under-studied solution. Usually, photometric techniques are used due to this fact that they are accessible and cost-effective options.
For the calculation of an analytic concentration, the Lambert-Beer law form the basis can be used as follow:
- Transmission or transmittance (T) = I/I0
- Absorbance (A) = log (I0/I)
- Absorbance (A) = C x L x Ɛ => Concentration (C) = A/(L x Ɛ)
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